a) The albedo of a city would be much higher than a forest because the buildings and the roads heat up really fast, while vegetation and forest soil absorb the solar radiation.
b) + c) The best choice would be white rock because the colour reflects more solar radiation than the dark ashfalt.
d) I think it would be "tar" because pale coloured shingles heat up and cool down much faster than "tar"
f) + g) The role of "conduction" is that heat transfers from a surface to another by direct contact.